Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Nursing Care Plan for Chronic Kidney Disease / Chronic Renal Failure

Definition

Chronic renal failure is usually the end result of loss of renal function gradually (Doenges, 1999; 626)

Chronic kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are not able to maintain an internal environment that is consistent with the life and recovery of function is not started. In most healthy individuals transition from status to chronic or persistent disease is very slow and wait a few years. (Barbara C. Long, 1996; 368)

Chronic renal failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD) is a progressive renal dysfunction and irreversible where the body's ability to maintain metabolism and failed fluid and electrolyte balance, causing uremia (urea retention and other nitrogen waste in the blood). (Brunner & Suddarth, 2001; 1448)

Chronic renal failure is a progressive development of renal failure and slow, usually lasts several years. (Price, 1992; 812)


Causes 

Causes of CRF according to Price, 1992; 817, divided into eight classes, among others:

1. Infections such as chronic pyelonephritis.
2. Inflammatory diseases such as glomerulonephritis.
3. Hypertensive vascular disease, such as benign nephrosclerosis, malignant nephrosclerosis, renal artery stenosis.
4. Connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, progressive systemic sclerosis
5. Congenital and hereditary disorders such as polycystic kidney disease, renal tubular acidosis.
6. Metabolic diseases such as: diabetes, gout, hyperparathyroidism, amyloidosis.
7. Toxic nephropathy, eg analgesic abuse, lead nephropathy.
8. Obstructive nephropathy, for example:

• Upper urinary tract: calculi neoplasm, fibrosis netroperitoneal.
• Lower urinary tract: prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, congenital anomalies of the neck of the bladder and urethra.

Nursing Diagnosis for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) : Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances related to edema, secondary : the liquid volume is not balanced, and therefore retention of Na and H2O

Goal :
Maintaining an ideal body weight without excess fluid

Outcomes:
no edema,
balance between input and output


Intervention:
1. Assess fluid status by measuring body weight per day, the balance of input and output, skin turgor vital signs

2. Limit fluid intake
R /: fluid restriction will determine ideal body weight, urine output, and response to therapy.

3. Explain to patients and families about the liquid restrictions.
R /: Understanding increase patient cooperation and families in the fluid restriction.

4. Instruct patient / teach the patient to record the use of fluids, especially income and output.
R /: To find out the balance of inputs and outputs.


Nursing Care Plan for Chronic Renal Failure - CRF

Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Intervention for CRF - Chronic Renal Failure