Vomiting is a symptom not a disease. Symptoms of this form of discharge of the contents of the stomach and intestines through the mouth by force or by force. Vomiting is a protective reflex against the body because it can serve accidentally ingested toxins. In addition, an attempt vomiting removing toxins from the body and can reduce the pressure caused by the blockage or enlargement of the organ that puts pressure on the digestive tract. In general, vomiting consists of three phases, namely nausea, retching or vomiting early to maneuver, and regurgitation of gastric contents or expenses, intestine into the mouth.
Note: The cause of frequent (No. 1-2) and rarely causes (no. 3-15)
1. Virus infection and acute gastroenteritis.
The most common cause is a viral infection include acute gastroenteristis usually by viruses, particularly rotavirus. Infectious diarrhea in children is most often caused by rotavirus infection. Diarrhea due to rotavirus infection is often termed diarrhea or vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms of rotavirus or other viral infections such as mild fever, start vomiting frequently, severe diarrhea, or abdominal pain and. Vomiting and diarrhea are the main symptoms of rotavirus infection and can last for 3-7 days. Rotavirus infection can be accompanied by other symptoms of child loss of appetite, and signs of dehydration. Rotavirus infection can cause mild and severe dehydration, and even death. Rotavirus virus infection is not usually found only complaint followed by vomiting without diarrhea often great.
2. People with allergies and gastrointestinal hypersensitivity.
In children with allergies especially with gastrooesephageal reflux. In these patients, usually complaint vomit or spit up frequently when aged under the age of 6-12 months. After age was gradually reduced, and complaints will improve palaing long after the age of 5-7 years. In general, the age of 3-6 months of vomiting only 2-5 times per day and it improves with age. Attack would be severe disruption vomiting during acute respiratory tract infection or other viral infections. Complaints viral infection usually accompanied by complaints of fever, body warmer, body aches, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough or runny nose. Food in patients with food allergy can cause vomiting but only lighter and in a few moments will be reduced. Allergy sufferers with GER is usually accompanied by an allergic skin, nose and respiratory tract.
3. Pyloric stenosis
This is a disorder that occurs in infants be constriction at the end of the hole right food out into the small intestine. As a result of the narrowing, only a small amount of food can get into the intestine, the rest will be spewed out so that the child lost weight. This condition usually causes "projectile vomiting" is very strong and is an indication for urgent surgery.
4. Bowel obstruction (blockage in the gastrointestinal tract)
5. Too much to eat
6. Peritonitis (inflammation of the stomach lining that wraps around the organs of the abdomen and the abdominal cavity limit)
7. Ileus (temporary cessation of normal contractions of the intestinal wall)
8. Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gall bladder), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), appendicitis, hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
9 . food poisoning
10 . Sensory systems and the brain
Cause of the sensory systems include motion , motion sickness ( which is caused by overstimulation of the labyrinth ear canals ) , and Ménière's disease ( disorder that affects the inner ear ) . Causes including brain , concussion , brain hemorrhage , migraine , brain tumor , which can cause damage chemoreceptors and benign intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus .
11 . metabolic disorders
This may interfere with both the stomach and the parts of the brain that coordinate vomiting , hypercalcemia ( high calcium levels ) , uremia ( urea accumulation , usually due to renal failure ) , adrenal insufficiency , hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia .
12 . Hyperemesis ( excessive nausea during pregnancy ) , morning sickness .
13 . drug reactions
Vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response , the effects of alcohol , opioids , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors . Many chemotherapy drugs and some entheogen ( such as peyote or ayahuasca ) cause vomiting .
14 Diseases caused by norwalk virus , swine flu and other infectious diseases .
Management
1. Giving fluids (drink) to replace the lost fluids and prevent dehydration.
2. Place the child in the prone or inclined (tilted to the left or to the right) to avoid vomit the contents into the airway.
3. Watch for signs of dehydration. Dehydration is a state body hydrated. Dehydration can occur if the child is vomiting continuously. Severe dehydration can be life threatening.
4. Still give fluids. Fluid administration (drinking) is very important to prevent dehydration child. If the child refuses, still persuaded the child to drink. For baby, if you are still breastfeeding, give breast milk. Your doctor may add a liquid electrolyte. If you get baby formula, your doctor may temporarily replace formula with ORS during the first 12-24 hours, or recommend to give the formula 2 times more dilute than the usual formula given.
5. Diet modification. Avoid feeding dense, fibrous and tough and fatty foods because these foods are relatively much longer to digest and can induce vomiting.
6. When excessive vomiting or exceed 5 times a day should be fasted while vomiting while taking medication. After 1 hour of new should sip but often.
Note: The cause of frequent (No. 1-2) and rarely causes (no. 3-15)
1. Virus infection and acute gastroenteritis.
The most common cause is a viral infection include acute gastroenteristis usually by viruses, particularly rotavirus. Infectious diarrhea in children is most often caused by rotavirus infection. Diarrhea due to rotavirus infection is often termed diarrhea or vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms of rotavirus or other viral infections such as mild fever, start vomiting frequently, severe diarrhea, or abdominal pain and. Vomiting and diarrhea are the main symptoms of rotavirus infection and can last for 3-7 days. Rotavirus infection can be accompanied by other symptoms of child loss of appetite, and signs of dehydration. Rotavirus infection can cause mild and severe dehydration, and even death. Rotavirus virus infection is not usually found only complaint followed by vomiting without diarrhea often great.
2. People with allergies and gastrointestinal hypersensitivity.
In children with allergies especially with gastrooesephageal reflux. In these patients, usually complaint vomit or spit up frequently when aged under the age of 6-12 months. After age was gradually reduced, and complaints will improve palaing long after the age of 5-7 years. In general, the age of 3-6 months of vomiting only 2-5 times per day and it improves with age. Attack would be severe disruption vomiting during acute respiratory tract infection or other viral infections. Complaints viral infection usually accompanied by complaints of fever, body warmer, body aches, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough or runny nose. Food in patients with food allergy can cause vomiting but only lighter and in a few moments will be reduced. Allergy sufferers with GER is usually accompanied by an allergic skin, nose and respiratory tract.
3. Pyloric stenosis
This is a disorder that occurs in infants be constriction at the end of the hole right food out into the small intestine. As a result of the narrowing, only a small amount of food can get into the intestine, the rest will be spewed out so that the child lost weight. This condition usually causes "projectile vomiting" is very strong and is an indication for urgent surgery.
4. Bowel obstruction (blockage in the gastrointestinal tract)
5. Too much to eat
6. Peritonitis (inflammation of the stomach lining that wraps around the organs of the abdomen and the abdominal cavity limit)
7. Ileus (temporary cessation of normal contractions of the intestinal wall)
8. Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gall bladder), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), appendicitis, hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
9 . food poisoning
10 . Sensory systems and the brain
Cause of the sensory systems include motion , motion sickness ( which is caused by overstimulation of the labyrinth ear canals ) , and Ménière's disease ( disorder that affects the inner ear ) . Causes including brain , concussion , brain hemorrhage , migraine , brain tumor , which can cause damage chemoreceptors and benign intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus .
11 . metabolic disorders
This may interfere with both the stomach and the parts of the brain that coordinate vomiting , hypercalcemia ( high calcium levels ) , uremia ( urea accumulation , usually due to renal failure ) , adrenal insufficiency , hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia .
12 . Hyperemesis ( excessive nausea during pregnancy ) , morning sickness .
13 . drug reactions
Vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response , the effects of alcohol , opioids , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors . Many chemotherapy drugs and some entheogen ( such as peyote or ayahuasca ) cause vomiting .
14 Diseases caused by norwalk virus , swine flu and other infectious diseases .
Management
1. Giving fluids (drink) to replace the lost fluids and prevent dehydration.
2. Place the child in the prone or inclined (tilted to the left or to the right) to avoid vomit the contents into the airway.
3. Watch for signs of dehydration. Dehydration is a state body hydrated. Dehydration can occur if the child is vomiting continuously. Severe dehydration can be life threatening.
4. Still give fluids. Fluid administration (drinking) is very important to prevent dehydration child. If the child refuses, still persuaded the child to drink. For baby, if you are still breastfeeding, give breast milk. Your doctor may add a liquid electrolyte. If you get baby formula, your doctor may temporarily replace formula with ORS during the first 12-24 hours, or recommend to give the formula 2 times more dilute than the usual formula given.
5. Diet modification. Avoid feeding dense, fibrous and tough and fatty foods because these foods are relatively much longer to digest and can induce vomiting.
6. When excessive vomiting or exceed 5 times a day should be fasted while vomiting while taking medication. After 1 hour of new should sip but often.
No comments:
Write comments