Causes, Symptoms and Prevention of Dysentery

Causes, Symptoms and Prevention of Dysentery

Dysentery   January 27, 2014

Dysentery basically refers to the digestive disorder characterized by inflammation of the intestine or bowel infection. It is caused by an amoeba called "Entamoeba histolytica". According to the World Health Organization WHO, dysentery categorized in diarrhea, which can occur when blood defecation and watery.

In the rainy season, dysentery disease is very common in every age group so that the season is very necessary in the prevention of dysentery. By doing a bit of effort and giving proper attention towards it we can prevent ourselves from contracting the disease.

Dysentery is associated with poor sanitary conditions and spreads mainly through contaminated food and water. When a person is infected, the organism lives in the intestines and are passed in the feces of an infected person. If it comes in contact with food or water, it gets contaminated. It is usually transmitted through water or food.

Causes of Dysentery

By knowing the cause of dysentery, on the prevention of dysentery can be done. Dysentery can be caused by many factors including:

• Fruits and vegetables are dirty
• Dirty water
• Feces are used as fertilizer
• Dirty hands of people infected with dysentery
• Swimming in contaminated water
• Infectious germs in the large intestine
• Spicy foods and excess fatty foods
• Unsanitary conditions
• Intestinal disorders

Symptoms of Dysentery

Dysentery symptoms can last for five days or even more. For some cases, the symptoms may be mild, while others suffer from severe diarrhea and vomiting or potentially cause dehydration. Here are the symptoms that appear when exposed to dysentery:

• Flatulence
• Pain in the abdomen
• Bloody diarrhea
• Nausea, with or without vomiting

However, if the infection is severe, people may experience other symptoms as a result of dehydration:

• Decreased urine production
• Dry skin and mucous membranes
• Excessive thirst
• Fever and chills
• Muscle spasms
• Limp
• Weight loss
• Yellowish white mucus

In cases of chronic dysentery, no effects after an acute attack. In severe cases, the body temperature will rise to 40 degrees Celsius to 40.6 degrees Celsius.


Prevention of Dysentery

Dysentery is spread as a result of poor hygiene. To minimize the risk of these conditions, then it must be done on the prevention of dysentery:

• Avoid swallowing water in swimming pools or recreational water sources
• Make sure you drink water that has been purified or boiled water.
• Drink bottled water when traveling.
• Wash your hands with antibacterial soap after using the bathroom, changing diapers, before preparing and eating food.
• Avoid sharing towels with others.
• Wash clothing or eating utensils of an infected person.

Dysentery - Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

Dysentery - Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

Pediatric Nursing   September 05, 2013

1. Nursing Diagnosis for Dysentery : Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements
related to: inadequate intake and output

Goal: nutritional needs are met

Expected outcomes:

• Increased appetite.
• Increased or normal weight according to age.

Nursing Interventions for Dysentery:
1. Discuss and explain about the diet restrictions of patients (high fiber foods, fatty and water is too hot or cold)
R / high fiber, fat, water is too hot / cold can stimulate irritate the stomach and intestinal tract.

2. Create a clean environment, away from the smell of the odor or litter, serve food in a warm state.
R / situation comfortable, relaxed to stimulate appetite.

3. Provide hours of rest (sleep) and reduce excessive activity.
R / Reducing energy consumption is excessive

4. Monitor intake and output within 24 hours.
R / Knowing the amount of output can merencenakan amount of food.

5. Collaboration with other health care team:
a. Nutritional therapy: A diet high in calories and high in protein, low in fiber, milk.
b. medications or vitamins (A)
R / Containing substances necessary for the growth process.


2. Nursing Diagnosis for Dysentery: Imbalanced Body Temperature
related to: the impact of infection secondary to diarrhea.

Goal: no increase in body temperature

Expected outcomes:

• Body temperature within normal limits (36-37,5 C)
• There are no signs of infection (rubur, dolor, calor, tumor, fungtio leasa)

Nursing Interventions for Dysentery:
1. Monitor body temperature every 2 hours.
R / Early detection of abnormal changes in body function (an infection)

2. Give warm compresses.
R / stimulate heat regulating center to reduce the production of body heat

3. Collaboration of antipyretic
R / Stimulate the heat regulating center in the brain.


3. Nursing Diagnosis for Dysentery: Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal
related to: increased frequency of bowel movements (diarrhea)

Goal: skin integrity is not compromised

Expected outcomes :

• No irritation: redness, blisters, hygiene maintained.
• Families are able to demonstrate perianal care properly.

Nursing Interventions for Dysentery:
1. Discuss and explain the importance of keeping the beds.
R / Hygiene prevent the proliferation of germs.

2. Demontrasikan and involve families in the treatment of perianal (if wet clothing and replace the bottom as well as the base).
R / Preventing skin iritassi unexpected because kelebaban and stool acidity.

3. Adjust the position of sleep or sit with an interval of 2-3 hours.
R / Smooth vascularization, reducing the emphasis that long so did not happen ischemia and irritation.


4. Nursing Diagnosis for Dysentery: Anxiety: children
related to: invasive measures

Goal: the client is able to adapt

Expected outcomes:

• Want to receive care measures, the client seems quiet and no fuss

Nursing Interventions for Dysentery:
1. Involve the family in performing maintenance actions.
R / initial approach to the child through the mother or family.

2. Avoid the wrong perception on nurses and hospitals.
R / reduce the fear of the child to the nurse and the hospital environment.

3. Give kudos if the client would be given care and treatment measures.
R / increase the child's confidence will courage and ability.

4. Make contact as often as possible and do communication both verbal and non-verbal (touching, fondling, etc.).
R / Love and the introduction of self saying nurses would menunbuhkan sense of security on the client.

5. Give children toys as sensory stimuli.

Nursing Care Plan for Dysentery

Nursing Care Plan for Dysentery

Pediatric Nursing   September 05, 2013

Dysentery is a inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially the colon, which results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and / or blood in the stool. If left untreated, dysentery can be fatal.

Cause of Dysentery

Dysentery is usually caused by a bacterial or protozoan infection or infestation of parasitic worms, but can also be caused by chemical irritants or viral infection. The two most common causes are infection with a bacillus of the Shigella group, and infestation by an amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica. When it is caused by a bacillus called bacillary dysentery, and when it is caused by an amoeba called amoebic dysentery.

Symptoms of Dysentery

Dysentery symptoms can last for five days or even more. For some cases, the symptoms may be mild, while others suffer from severe diarrhea and vomiting or potentially cause dehydration. The following symptoms when exposed to dysentery:

• Flatulence
• Pain in the abdomen
• Bloody diarrhea
• Nausea, with or without vomiting

However, if the infection is severe, people may experience other symptoms caused by dehydration:

• Decreased urine production
• Dry skin and mucous membranes
• Excessive thirst
• Fever and chills
• Muscle spasms
• Limp
• Weight loss
• Yellowish white mucus

In cases of chronic dysentery, no effects after an acute attack. In severe cases, the body temperature will rise to 40 degrees Celsius to 40.6 degrees Celsius.


Prevention of Dysentery

Dysentery is spread as a result of poor hygiene. To minimize the risk of these conditions, then it should be done on the prevention of dysentery:

• Avoid swallowing water in swimming pools or recreational water sources
• Make sure you drink water that has been purified or boiled water
• Drink bottled water when traveling
• Wash your hands with anti-bacterial soap after using the bathroom, changing diapers, before preparing and eating food.
• Avoid sharing towels with others
• Wash clothing or eating utensils of an infected person.

Nursing Care Plan for Dysentery

Assessment

1. Identity

Noteworthy is the age. Episodes of diarrhea occurred in the first 2 years of life. Highest incidence is the age group 6-11 months. Most bacteria stimulate gut immunity against infection, it helps explain the decline insidence disease in older children. At the age of 2 years or more of active immunity begins to form. Most cases are due to an intestinal infection and asymptomatic enteric bacteria spread mainly clients are not aware of the infection. Economic status also influential, especially from the diet and treatment.

2. Main complaint
Defecation is more than 3 x

3. History of present illness
Defecation greenish yellow color, mixed with mucus and blood or mucus alone. Watery consistency, frequency is more than 3 times, spending time : 3-5 days (acute diarrhea), more than 7 days (prolonged diarrhea), more than 14 days (chronic diarrhea).

4. Past medical history
Never had diarrhea before, to those on long-term antibiotics or corticosteroids (candida albicans changes from saprophyte to parasite), food allergies, respiratory infections, UTI, OMA measles .

5. History of Nutrition
At toddler age children are given food as in adults, the portion given 3 times per day with additional fruit and milk. Malnutrition in toddler age children are particularly vulnerable. Way better food management, food hygiene and sanitation, hand-washing habits.

6. Family health history
There is one family that has diarrhea.

7. Environmental Health History
Food storage at room temperature, lacking hygiene, neighborhood .

8. Growth and development history
a. growth

• Weight gain since age 1 -3 years ranged between 1.5-2.5 kg (average of 2 kg), a body length of 6-10 cm (mean 8 cm) per year.
• The increase in head circumference: 12cm 2 cm in the first year and second year and so on.
• Teething 8 pieces: additional milk teeth; first molars and canines, totaling 14-16 pieces
• Eruption of teeth: molars perama menusul canines.

b. development

• Psychosexual stages of development according to Sigmund Freud.