Classification and Pathophysiology of Gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammation localized or spread on the gastric mucosa that develops when the mucosal protective mechanism is filled with bacteria or irritants. (J. Reves, 1999)

Classification of Gastritis

Gastritis by type is divided into 2 (two), namely:

1. Acute Gastritis
Gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) is most often caused by recklessness diet, such as eating too much, too fast, eating food too much seasoning or infected food. Other causes include alcohol, aspirin, bile reflux and radiation therapy. Gastritis may also be the first signs of acute systemic infection. Form of more severe acute gastritis caused by strong acid or alkaline, which can cause the mucosa into gangrene or perforation.

2. Chronic Gastritis
Prolonged inflammation caused by both benign and malignant gastric ulcers, by the bacteria H. pylori. Chronic gastritis may be classified as a Type A or Type B. Type A this occurs in the gastric fundus or corpus. Type B (H. pylori) of the antrum and pylorus. May be related to H. pylori bacteria. Dietary factors such as hot beverages, seasonings, use of drugs, alcohol, smoking or reflux of intestinal contents into the stomach.


Pathophysiology of Gastritis

Foodstuffs, drinks, drugs and chemicals that go into the stomach, causing irritation or erosion of the mucosa, so that the hull loss of barrier (protective). Furthermore, an increase in back diffusion of hydrogen ions. Interference diffusion of the mucosa and increased secretion of gastric acid increase / lot. Stomach acid and digestive enzymes. Then invade the gastric mucosa and there was an inflammatory reaction. This is called gastritis. Gastric mucosal responses against most of these irritants is with mucosal regeneration, therefore, such disorders often disappears by itself.

With a constant irritation, tissue becomes inflamed and bleeding can occur.

With the introduction of substances such as acids and strong bases which are corrosive resulting in inflammation and necrosis of the wall of the stomach (corrosive gastritis). Necrosis may result in perforation of the stomach wall to the next due to bleeding and peritonitis.

Chronic gastritis may lead to a state of atrophy of the gastric glands and mucous circumstances there are patches of thickened gray or gray-green (atrophic gastritis). The loss of the gastric mucosa will ultimately result in reduced secretion of the stomach and the emergence of pernicious anemia. Atrophic gastritis may be the prelude to gastric carcinoma. Chronic gastritis may also occur simultaneously with peptic ulcer or may occur after gastroyeyunostomía action.